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The Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms - 1617 Words

Since its inception in 1982 the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, very much like its primary architect Pierre Trudeau, has been one of the most celebrated yet controversial elements of Canadian politics and governance. Revealing how this dynamic emerged requires a nuanced understanding of the motivation behind the Charter and the techniques it employed to succeed. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, like the entire patriation process, was motivated by and mobilized support through, constitutionally enshrining democratic core values, multiculturalism and a sense of nationalism. However, it should not be seen as merely a symbolic gesture on the part of Britain and Canada or merely a strengthening of core values. Instead it was a fundamental reinvention of Canadian federalism that shifted power away from the provinces to the federal government and from the Parliament to the courts. This was accomplished by incentivizing provincial acceptance, developing common interests, and, as a result, formalizing a national identity where the protection and expansion of core values was encouraged as fundamental. This dynamic allowed the reinvention to, by and large, succeed. An understanding of the provisions and effects of the Charter and how it ultimately succeed as a re-invention of the Canadian Government requires knowledge of the patriation process. Before 1982, the formal power to amend the Canadian Constitution was held by the British Parliament. This was seenShow MoreRelatedThe Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms1613 Words   |  7 Pages The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms simply referred to as the â€Å"Charter†, is a significant document in regards to the Canadian constitution. Its primary aim is to uphold individual rights and freedoms and promote equality in administering justice. However, its passage in 1982 has led to increased controversies given that the Charter gives courts more power in interpreting its provisions while sidelining the legislature (Boyd 118). This means that the advent of this Charter was the end ofRead MoreThe Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms840 Words   |  4 PagesThe Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is an important milestone in Canadian history. An effort through rigorous debate and compromise gave birth to this document that defines our collective values and principles by guaranteeing and protecting the fundamental rights of its citizens. Prior to the Charter, there was no gurantee in Canada that rights and freedoms would not be taken away by legislation. T he Charter also allows courts to render the constitutional duty so that any decisions made areRead MoreCanadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms1888 Words   |  8 PagesThe Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects the rights of Canadian citizens and provides them with assurance that all Canadians will be treated equally under the law. The Charter claims to guarantee rights and freedoms, fundamental freedoms, democratic rights, mobility rights, equality rights, language rights, legal rights, and enforcement rights, and Aboriginal rights. Although the Charter claims to guarantee the rights and freedoms of Canadian citizens, the government is still able toRead MoreThe Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms1258 Words   |  6 PagesThe Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was established in 1982 and was put into place by the Trudeau government. The purpose of the Charter was to protect the rights of Canadian individuals and to establish independence from Britain. However, o ne section of the charter sparked much controversy, this was section 33, also known as The Notwithstanding Clause. The purpose of this clause was to allow the state to override a right protected by the charter, for various reasons. These reasons includeRead MoreThe Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms1531 Words   |  7 PagesBasing the Basics on a Belief in Something Bigger The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, implemented in 1982 outlines the rights and freedoms that Canadians have as citizens of this country. In this paper I will ask whether we need such a charter, whether we can trust the interpretation of the Charter by the Supreme Court and how the Charter balances power in a democratic way. I will then contemplate the foundational place morality holds in the lawmaking process. In all of this I argue thatRead MoreThe Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms1386 Words   |  6 Pagesprinciple by entitling an accused of even the most heinous crimes to civil liberties and processes as not to compromise the criminal trial process. A fair trial is an intrinsic right of all members of society making it fundamental to our being, and is ergo ensured to us all under s.11 of the Canadian Charter of Rights Freedoms. Provided with other preemptive measures to guarantee justice is achieved in the criminal trial proceedings. Additionally, the courts help facilitate an understanding of theRead MoreThe Canadian Charter Of Right And Freedom1225 Words   |  5 Pagescriminal and family justice system has become very complicated, slow and extremely expensive for majority of Canadians. These issues are particularly glaring to low income earners, people with disabilities and other minorities. Canadian justice system have become incapable of providing solutions that can addressing problems brought to it. With the creation of the Canadian charter of right and freedom, access to justice became more of an equality issue. It moved from simply being the capacity to litigateRead MoreThe Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms1504 Words   |  7 PagesThe Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms(CCORAF) Guarantees a Free and Democratic Society The Charter of Rights and Freedoms upholds the individual rights of all Canadians. Agree or disagree with the following statement. The Charter is part of Canada’s constitution; the highest law of Canada, which sets out the framework for how Canada is to be governed. The CCORAF sets out those rights and freedoms that Canadians feel are necessary to maintain Canada as a free and democratic community. The CharterRead MoreThe Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms883 Words   |  4 PagesRainbow Nation of South Africa in 1994, the first democratically elected government was tasked with drawing up a new constitution that would properly enshrine the human rights that had so long been denied the majority of citizens. One source drawn upon in developing the new constitution was the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, itself then little more than a decade old. It is not necessary to be a constitutional scholar to detect many similarities between the two; indeed, Canada’s pride in thisRead MoreThe Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms2016 Words   |  9 PagesFreedom of expression, set under sectio n 2(b) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, is one of Canada’s most valued rights in the bill of rights of the Constitution. It has paved the way for the society in which thirty-five million people reside today. With this level of influence and admiration, it is truly a fundamental right. However, many ground-breaking cases have illustrated the need to limit freedom of expression. A prime example is the landmark case that took place in 1990 surrounding

Rudeness and Its Impact Supermarket

Question: Describe about the Rudeness and Its Impact for Supermarket. Answer: I stay in Melbourne, Australia and had visited a supermarket there for buying the monthly grocery for my house. There are various men and women employed in the store for assisting us in our shopping at the various sections of the store. There are three billing counters and all stay packed most of the time. I go there every month but what I noticed during this visit of mine had given me a very big shock. I suddenly noticed a couple with a four year old boy and the supermarket staffs at the billing counter were arguing upon something. But the argument was not a normal one and it soon took a very harsh turn. Both were talking very rudely to each other and on enquiring about the matter I came to know that the couple started the argument in a very rude manner with the staff who was behaving very politely until and unless the couple started using abusive language as well. The reason for the argument was that they ended up discovering some expired food items on the display rack and came at the billing counter and started to talk in a very high pitched tone. The staff apologized and tried to resolve the matter but the couple were more adamant towards fighting and discussing the said matter in the social media as well. The staffs at the store tried dealing with rudeness displayed by the couple with patience for a long time but very soon they also ended up giving up on the same. The said incident made we wonder about how rude people can be and what psychological impact does it have on the others. I realised that rudeness is one such behavioural pattern whose impact is understood only once experienced and its effects have long lasting impact as well on not only the person facing such behaviour but the person who is being rude as well. It also has a very deep rooted effect on the people witnessing such situations of rudeness. It has been noticed off lately by me that rudeness amongst people is increasing which is promoting various uncivilized actions as well. There was a scenario in the past wherein the employees were seen to be rude to the customers but there has been a considerable shift in the same and various customers behave in a very uncivilized manner with the employees of a supermarket simply because they have this mind-set that they are the buyers who are paying money to them and purchasing their products. A study conducted in Australia suggested that it is a very common experience faced by people around with regards rudeness and unfortunately its impact is very sharp. I remember the former Prime Minister of Australia, John Howards believe that, an environment of hostility and rudeness has a negative impact on the entire society. The main reasons for encouragement of crime, aggression, hostility and antagonism amongst people are rudeness. Rudeness has an effect on not only the person experiencing such a behaviour but also the person who is being rude and the spectators as well. In the said scenario I feel that the couple were way too rude. Had the staff not accepted his mistake and apologized and taken the requisite action, then such behaviour was acceptable to some extent, but it still does not give the customer any right to abuse the staff. It may be that the couple was worked up for some other reason but that does not give them the liberty to behave in an unruly manner (Hess et.al. 2016). The staff had taken an immediate action and in spite of the same they kept on indulging in an argument which clearly shows that there psychology was very meagr e in nature and they belong to a background wherein people prefer to unnecessarily create a scene in public. But the couple forgot the fact that they had a four year kid with them and it has a very striking impact on him. Children at their budding stage look up to their parents and learn various behavioural patterns from them. It is always easy to create an impression on a small childs mind than an elder persons mind simply because there brain and behaviour is yet to be developed enough, to be able to distinguish between good and bad. They tend to develop a snobbish kind of a nature seeing their parents as children learn more from actions than words. Thus the cost that the child has to pay for such a rudeness is very huge as it may have an impact on his social life as well as academic life (Gilligan, 1996). Another major impact the said incident would have is on the staff at the supermarket. First and foremost they will be more cautious with the products being displayed but what is more important is the toll that such rudeness would have on the employees mindset. The performance level will dip starkly of the person who had to directly confront such a scenario. The other staff members who although had not confronted the situation directly but mere imagination of such uncivil event is enough to shake their morale and self confidence to perform (Porath, and Erez, 2007). The staffs focus over work will get throttled and plummet the performance as well. The audience comprised of mixed opinions. There were some who supported the couples actions however others continued with their shopping ignoring the stance so that the staffs do not get embarrassed. The staff although had indulged into a thrift but never crossed limitations in spite of being victimized. Those who supported the couple and raised a voice against also belonged to such a category of people who take pride in indulging in unnecessary tiffs (Shellenbarger, 2004). However, after the incident subsided I noticed that the staff that had faced the brunt was highly de-motivated and was unable to resume work immediately. But what I noticed the very next moment was admirable. His fellow members came towards him and boosted his morale by various actions and the one senior amongst the lot also narrated a worse incident of his career so that he feels little motivated. The staff members were jolly as always and encouraged him so that he could resume back at his earliest (Bies, Tripp, 2005). Not only the staff but also the owner soon came over after hearing about the incident and he had a talk with him on a personal level. I believe that it is peoples psychology that if he is encouraged by his seniors and the employers then the work performance is definitely going to be far above average (Ladegaard, 2012). The next time I visited the store, I specifically noticed him and found him to be equally friendly and jolly. He took the incident as an experience of his career life. If a clear interpretation of the behaviour is done of the various people involved in the incident basis the state vs trait attributions, it is clear that varying emotions are present such as anger, anxiety, politeness, depression etc. All are dealt with caution and care. State is basically a temporary emotional reaction to the present surrounding which leads to physical, behavioural as well as psychological reactions. It also states that the intensity of such emotional turbulence varies depending upon the level of anger, frustration, happiness etc (Forgays et.al. 1997). Whereas a trait is opposite of state which has a permanent impact upon the emotions of the people. A state takes the form of a trait only when the said state is of a repetitive nature. In the current scenario firstly the way the couple reacted on the present state clearly shows that it is an imbibed trait of the couple to indulge into fights and exaggerate the same till it satisfies their psychology of superiority to others. Secondly for the child the rude behavioural pattern is still a state attributed which may become a permanent trait if he views such a situation on a daily basis. Thus it is the responsibility of the parents to ensure that the child does not inculcate such a negative behavioural pattern. With regards spectators it is more of a state attribution rather than trait since this is not a regular affair for them and people keep coming across varying situations (Galor, 2012). Lastly the impact that such a state of affairs had on the staff or the staffs as well is also temporary in nature simply because the owner and the other colleagues of the employee were supportive enough to brain wash him of the fact that such crisis occurs and what is important is to ensure that it should not affect a person and a positive trait is what pays off well ultimately. Thus on a concluding note I would like to say that not always rudeness will have a negative impact. If dealt with care, the way the supermarket owner did, it can be viewed as a weapon to deal with crisis also. However the spectators, specially the kid of the couple was the worse sufferer as for him his first teacher is his parents and if they are seen behaving unruly then it is highly expected that the children would behave in a similar fashion as well. Therefore on analysing the said situation basis the state vs trait attributes it is clear that it is upon the individual to deal with situations optimistically so that differentiation between what should be a state and trait can be cultivated in the positive direction. Education, awareness and discussions enables one to understand the state vs trait attribute thus ultimately contributing to the success of a person in his life cycle. References: Bies, R. J., Tripp, T. M. (2005). The study of revenge in the workplace: Conceptual, ideological, and empirical issues. In S. Fox P. E Spector (Eds.), Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets: 65 82. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Forgays, D., Forgays, D. K., Spielberger, C. (1997). Factor structure of the statetrait anger expression inventory.Journal of Personality Assessment, 69, 497507. Galor, S. (2012). Clarifying states and traits. Retrieved from https://drsharongalor.wordpress.com/2012/07/09/clarifying-states-and-traits/ Gilligan, J. (1996). Violence: Our Deadly epidemic and its causes. New York: Putman Hess, U., Cossette, M., Hareli, S. (2016). I and my friends are good people: The perception of incivility by self, friends and strangers. European Journal of Psychology, 12(1), 99114. Ladegaard, H. J. (2012). Rudeness as a discursive strategy in leadership discourse: Culture, power and gender in a Hong Kong workplace. Journal of Pragmatics, 44(12), 16611679. Porath, C.L. and Erez, A. (2007). Does Rudeness Really Matter ? The Effects of Rudeness on Task Performance and Helpfulness. Academy of Management Journal. 50(5). 1181-1197 Shellenbarger, S. (2004). Domino Effect: The Unintended Results of Telling Off Customer-Service Staff. The Wall Street Journal.

What Is Your Opinion On Modern Music free essay sample

If so then what really is real music? Or as I believe, all music, ( Rap, Screams, Country, RB, Hip Hop, etc) is real. It has an instrumental background, (with actual instruments or synthesizers), a singer(s) (Raw talent or the help from a studio) and pure entertainment and joy from listening to it. Thats what believe, music is. So feel free to voice your ideas on this question. I would love to hear how you view modern music. Dont like much modern music apart from Rock and Indies and metal etc. ..Personally, Dont have much respect for singers who just get up on stage and sing/lip sync songs that other people composed and write for them. Onto call that talent, its just karaoke. Talent is being able to write your own songs, play your own instruments and actually sing live. And making it big your own way, not by going on some crappy TV talent show. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Your Opinion On Modern Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some of the lyrics in songs today are pretty bad, 7 year olds look up to these people and go round singing these lyrics, its pretty bad. . All the best music was written 20 years+ in my opinion and Im only 16.Modern Music In an age of error the most influential thing in a child and or a teenagers life is music. Whether it be Reggae, Hip Hop, Gangster Rap, R, Oldies Rock, Latin, r Heavy Metal it still has a way to overpower a persons mind no matter how old they are. Right now pretty much everybody that I talk to when I am on the Internet like Rap. I dont understand how people could listen to non-stop cursing and fast-paced lyrics. Even though my opinion of the music isnt so great the singers have to get some credit for being able to recite poetry in such a manner. Refer the heavier stuff like Slipknot, Corn, or Kitties because I enjoy talented people who play their own instruments, and personally like very loud music. Reggae is well known because Of one group and that group is Bob Marled and The Wailers. I happen to like them because they pretty much set the standards for a band that are known to people as Sublime. They are sort of a rock n roll/reggae band with hit songs like What I Got and Sanitaria. My friends and I sometimes refer to Bob Marled as the God of music.Another popular style of music is the Pop music category. I think it features a bunch of no talent boy groups like Ann. s* and the Backstreet Boys. It is artists like this who are ruining our countries youth. These bands are corrupting the minds of our teen and pre-teen girls, and I dont believe its eight that they are doing this because very rarely do girls like the same music as my friends and l. F-anally we get to the music that gets more interesting the heavy metal/rock music. I happen to like this style of music the best because the music means something. Onto think that it is right for the tabloids to go out every time something happens with shootings at schools and blame it on the rock music. Rap is the music that gives the message of killing and shooting people. Dont think it IS right that they can go blame artists like Marilyn Manson and Oozy Osborne or children with weak minds when it comes to music that deals with death. Finally, my last point is that the tabloids judge a musician by the way that they look and from what they heard about them. They dont look or listen to the lyrics to the songs they judge by their image and that is the wrong way to look at it.The newspapers add to the affect by talking about how heavy metal music and Goth music are bad for the childs mind. School Shootings are always caused by troubled teens who listen to heavy metal music, they say. The only reason they do the shootings is not because they listen to a certain mind of music; it is because they have weak minds that cant handle the lyrics of the band. The tabloids not only blame the music but they also blame the movies. It isnt right that they jump to conclusions that it is all the horror movies and the musics fault.There are bands that write lyrics about things that they have experienced in their lives. The music I just happen to listen to is heavy metal and Goth metal. The bands in Goth metal have names such as Cannibal Corpse, Cradle of Filth, Six Feet under, and Type O Negative. They are known for having songs that deal with death and other dark things. Six Feet Under is another band who Im not too familiar with so I really cant talk about how they can influence children. All I know is that their most recent album features a guy on the cover receiving a lobotomy by machines. Cradle of Filth is a band that combines witchcraft with music to make really sick and twisted lyrics. They are a band that listen to because like the way the singer alters his voice to sound all weird like a witch. The people of the United States do not approve of their music or concerts so the band is now banned from all 50 states. The decisions that these people cake amaze me because the more they disapprove of the bands the more people listen to them. Ever since the Columbine school shooting music sales for Goth music and other paraphernalia has gone up.The U. S. Did the same thing with Elvis, and look what happened he became even more popular because he was considered to be evil. They make such stupid decisions because it always blows up in their face. Think that they should use reverse psychology on the people and say to go out and buy the stuff and see what happens. The tabloids are always doing things to put down heavy metal music down. I think that they should blame some of it on rap. Rap talks about killing people in the other gangs, and it is always so vulgar with its sexual terms and language.It is the worst form of music because the different terms they use for killing someone is outrageous. Half of the songs that I heard were about busting a cap in someone, or sinking their dogs on a person. The tabloids say that Rorschach metal is too violent for kids to listen to. I dont see what the big deal is that people listen to heavy metal music. I think that the people who listen to, and take the lyrics seriously have a weak mind. Those are the kind of people who pull all of the school shootings, the people who cant take listen to the song and say hey its only a song, I shouldnt take the words seriously.The people who are doing all of the shootings I think have a mental problem or have a hard problem telling whats right and whats wrong. The kids who orchestrated the shooting at Columbine high school had weak minds, and I bet that their life at home was very bad for them. I think that when they did what they did, they had no clue what they were doing. All they new was that the music told them to go out and kill someone. It wasnt their entire fault that they did that horrifying thing, it was also their parents fault.I say this because I highly doubt that the parents of those kids expressed their love for them very often. The tabloids make everything seem worse than it really is, or they never really uncover the real facts. They are always working off of other peoples opinions about the situations. L will leave you with this quote, l think the music works around the people, not the world works around the music. Such a manner. Prefer the heavier stuff like Slipknot, Corn, or Kitties because enjoy talented people who play their own instruments, and personally I like very loud music.Reggae is well known because of one group and that group is Bob Marled and The Wailers. I happen to like them because they pretty much set the standards for a band that are known to people as Sublime. They are sort of a rock n roll/reggae band with hit songs like What Got and Sanitaria. My friends and I sometimes refer to Bob Marled as the God of music. Another popular style of music is the Pop music category. I think it features a bunch of no talent boy groups like NCSC* and the Backstreet Boys. It is artists like this who are ruining our countries youth. What Is Your Opinion On Modern Music free essay sample I wont Judge you on your opinion, If you dont Judge mine. I was Just curious to see some of the responses from this question. I feel that when some people use the term that music now a days isnt real or takes no talent doesnt have a factual argument behind it. Im sure that in previous generations, the music the listened to was also called not real by others older than them, but now thats what is referred to as real music. Does this mean that generations from now the music of the asss will be classified as real music?If so then what really is real music? Or as I believe, all music, ( Rap, Screams, Country, R, HIP Hop, etc) Is real. It has an Instrumental background, (with actual Instruments or synthesizers), a singer(s) (Raw talent or the help from a studio) and pure entertainment and joy from listening to it. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Your Opinion On Modern Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thats what I believe, music is. So feel free to voice your ideas on this question. I would love to hear how you view modern music. I dont Like much modern music apart from Rock and Indies and metal etc Reasonably, I dont have much respect for singers who just get up on stage and sing/lip sync songs that other people composed and write for them. I dont call that talent, its Just karaoke. Talent is being able to write your own songs, play your own instruments and actually sing live. And making it big your own way, not by going on some crappy TV talent show. Some of the lyrics In songs today are pretty bad, 7 year olds look up to these people and go round singing these lyrics, Its pretty bad..All the best music was written 20 years* In my opinion and Im only 16 Modern Music In an age of error the most influential thing in a child and or a teenagers life is music. Whether it be Reggae, Hip Hop, Gangster Rap, R, Oldies Rock, Latin, or Heavy Metal t still has a way to overpower a persons mind no matter how old they are. Right now pretty much everybody that I talk to when I am on the Internet Like Rap. I dont understand how people could listen to non-stop cursing and fast-paced lyrics. Even though my opinion of the music isnt so great the singers have to get some credit for being able to recite poetry in such a manner.I prefer the heavier stuff like Slipknot, Corn, or Kittle because I enjoy talented people who play their own Instruments, and personally I Like very loud music. Reggae Is well known because of one group and that group Is Bob Marled and The Wailers. I happen to like them because they pretty much set the standards for a band that are known to people as Sublime. They are sort of a rock n roll/reggae band with hit songs like What I Got and Sanitaria. My friends and I sometimes refer to Bob Marled as the God of music. Another popular style of music Is the Pop music category. I think It features a bunch are ruining our countries youth. These bands are corrupting the minds of our teen and pre-teen girls, and I dont believe its right that they are doing this because very rarely do girls like the same music as my friends and l. Finally we get to the music hat gets more interesting the heavy metal/rock music. I happen to like this style of music the best because the music means something. Dont think that it is right for the tabloids to go out every time something happens Ninth shootings at schools and blame it on the rock music.Rap is the music that gives the message of killing and shooting people. I dont think it is right that they can go blame artists like Marilyn Manson and Oozy Osborne for children with weak minds hen it comes to music that deals with death. Finally, my last point is that the tabloids Judge a musician by the way that they look and from what they heard about hem. They dont look or listen to the lyrics to the songs they Judge by their image and that is the wrong way to look at it. The newspapers add to the affect by talking about how heavy metal music and Goth music are bad for the childs mind. School Shootings are always caused by troubled teens who listen to heavy metal music, they say. Ere only reason they do the shootings is not because they listen to a certain kind of music; it is because they have weak minds that cant handle the lyrics of the band. Ere tabloids not only blame the music but they also blame the movies. It isnt right hat they Jump to conclusions that it is all the horror movies and the musics fault. There are bands that write lyrics about things that they have experienced in their lives.The music I Just happen to listen to is heavy metal and Goth metal. Ere bands in Goth metal have names such as Cannibal Corpse, Cradle of Filth, Six Feet Under, and Type O Negative. They are known for having songs that deal with death and other dark things. Six Feet Under is another band who Im not too familiar Ninth so I really cant talk about how they can influence children. All I know is that their cost recent album features a guy on the cover receiving a lobotomy by machines. Cradle of Filth is a band that combines witchcraft with music to make really sick and twisted lyrics. They are a band that I listen to because I like the way the singer alters his voice to sound all weird like a witch. Ere people of the United States do not approve of their music or concerts so the band is now banned from all 50 states. The decisions that these people make amaze me because the more they disapprove of the bands the more people listen to them. Ever since the Columbine school shooting music sales for Goth music and other rappelling has gone up. The U. S. Did the same thing with Elvis, and look what happened he became even more popular because he was considered to be evil. They make such stupid decisions because it always blows up in their face. Think that they should use reverse psychology on the people and say to go out and buy the stuff and see what happens. The tabloids are always doing things to put talks about killing people in the other gangs, and it is always so vulgar with its sexual terms and language. It is the worst form of music because the different terms they use for killing someone is outrageous. Half of the songs that I heard were about busting a cap in someone, or kicking their dogs on a person. He tabloids say that rock/heavy metal is too violent for kids to listen to. I dont see Nat the big deal is that people listen to heavy metal music. I think that the people ho listen to, and take the lyrics seriously have a weak mind. Those are the kind of people who pull all of the school shootings, the people who cant take listen to the song and say hey its only a song, I shouldnt take the words seriously. The people ho are doing all of the shootings I think have a mental problem or have a hard robber telling whats right and whats wrong. He kids who orchestrated the shooting at Columbine high school had weak minds, and I bet that their life at home was very bad for them. I think that when they did hat they did, they had no clue what they were doing. All they new was that the music told them to go out and kill someone. It wasnt their entire fault that they did that horrifying thing, it was also their parents fault. I say this because I highly doubt that the parents of those kids expressed their love for them very often. The tabloids aka everything seem worse than it really is, or they never really uncover the real facts.They are always working off of other peoples opinions about the situations. Nil leave you with this quote, l think the music works around the people, not the Nor works around the music. Neither it be Reggae, Hip Hop, Gangster Rap, RB, Oldies Rock, Latin, or Heavy Metal pretty much everybody that I talk to when I am on the Internet like Rap. I dont being able to recite poetry in such a manner. I prefer the heavier stuff like Slipknot, Corn, or Kitties because I enjoy talented people who play their own instruments, and Reasonably I like very loud music. Reggae is well known because of one group and that group is Bob Marled and The Wailers. I happen to like them because they pretty much set the standards for a band that are known to people as Sublime. They are sort off rock n roll/reggae band with hit songs like What I Got and Sanitaria. My friends and I sometimes refer to Bob Marled as the God of music. Another popular style of music is the Pop music category. I think it features a bunch of no talent boy groups like Ann.s* and the Backstreet Boys. It is artists like this who are ruining our countries youth.These bands are corrupting the minds of our teen and pre-teen girls, and I dont believe its right that they are doing this because very rarely do girls like the same music as my friends and l. Finally we get to the music that gets more interesting the heavy metal/rock music. I happen to like this style of music the best because the music means something. I dont think that it is right for the tabloids to rock music. Rap is the music that gives the message of killing and shooting people. I dont think it is right that they can go blame artists like Marilyn Manson and Oozy Osborne for children with weak minds when

Free Essays on Long Live Sport Adidas

Advertising Analysis Rough Draft â€Å"Long Live Sport.† You’ve just come home from a full day at school, put in a couple hours at work, and the last thing you want to deal with is the bombardment of television commercials. Instead of relaxing in front of a television and being persuaded to buy, buy, buy I pick up a magazine to help me wind down after a long day. In an attempt to not be subject to commercials, I hope that reading some articles in a magazine will avoid this. But even then the first chunk of a magazine is full of companies trying to tell you that something has to be wrong in your life and buying their product will fix it. Rolling Stone magazine recently ran an advertisement for Adidas apparel simply stating the phrase â€Å"Long Live Sport.† When glancing at this advertisement I don’t even realize that there isn’t a product being sold to me. The way the images are clustered together, without fluid movement between the scenes, your eye wanders all over it. Moving back and forth trying to take in everything that is being shown to me. Looking at this advertisement of two team mascots fighting forces me to remember cheering on my favorite team at a sporting event. Looking closer at this page I can see why I feel this way, it’s the constant Hornke 2 movement of my eyes. Without really focusing on one area for too long, it’s very similar to being at a game. The fact that even the two team mascots get into the action, defending their own team, and ultimately joining the action of a rivalry is humorous. Which is a good thing for an advertisement or commercial to make a consumer feel, you’ll remember it better that way. The colors depicted here are deep green, and navy blue which are popular team colors that can remind almost anyone of their favorite home team. This allows everyone to relate to the advertisement, and not feel left out. The team jerseys have red an... Free Essays on Long Live Sport Adidas Free Essays on Long Live Sport Adidas Advertising Analysis Rough Draft â€Å"Long Live Sport.† You’ve just come home from a full day at school, put in a couple hours at work, and the last thing you want to deal with is the bombardment of television commercials. Instead of relaxing in front of a television and being persuaded to buy, buy, buy I pick up a magazine to help me wind down after a long day. In an attempt to not be subject to commercials, I hope that reading some articles in a magazine will avoid this. But even then the first chunk of a magazine is full of companies trying to tell you that something has to be wrong in your life and buying their product will fix it. Rolling Stone magazine recently ran an advertisement for Adidas apparel simply stating the phrase â€Å"Long Live Sport.† When glancing at this advertisement I don’t even realize that there isn’t a product being sold to me. The way the images are clustered together, without fluid movement between the scenes, your eye wanders all over it. Moving back and forth trying to take in everything that is being shown to me. Looking at this advertisement of two team mascots fighting forces me to remember cheering on my favorite team at a sporting event. Looking closer at this page I can see why I feel this way, it’s the constant Hornke 2 movement of my eyes. Without really focusing on one area for too long, it’s very similar to being at a game. The fact that even the two team mascots get into the action, defending their own team, and ultimately joining the action of a rivalry is humorous. Which is a good thing for an advertisement or commercial to make a consumer feel, you’ll remember it better that way. The colors depicted here are deep green, and navy blue which are popular team colors that can remind almost anyone of their favorite home team. This allows everyone to relate to the advertisement, and not feel left out. The team jerseys have red an...

Christmas Wrasse Facts and Information

Christmas Wrasse Facts and Information Christmas wrasses were named for their green and red coloration. They are also called ladder wrasses, awela (Hawaiian), and green-barred wrasses.   Description of Christmas Wrasses Christmas wrasses can be up to about 11 inches in length.   Wrasses are a big-lipped, spindle-shaped fish that flap their pectoral fins up and down while swimming. They often fold their dorsal and anal fins close to their body, which increases their streamlined shape. Males and females exhibit sexual dimorphism in color, and may change color, and even sex, during their lives.   Males in their terminal color phase are brightly-colored while females are green with black lines. The most brilliantly-colored male Christmas wrasses have reddish-pink background coloration on their body with ladder-like stripes that are bright blue and green in color.  In its initial phase, a male has a diagonal dark red line below its eye. The head of the male is brown, orange or shaded with blue, while the head of females is spotted. Younger animals of both sexes are a more drab green and brown color. The Christmas wrasses ability to change colors and sex has caused confusion over the years over species identification. It also looks similar to another species in a similar habitat - the surge wrasse (Thalassoma purpureum), which is similar in color, although there is a v-shaped mark on their snout which is absent in the Christmas wrasse.   Christmas Wrasse Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataSubphylum: VertebrataClass: ActinopterygiiOrder: PerciformesFamily: LabridaeGenus: Thalassoma  Species: trilobatum Habitat and Distribution Christmas wrasses are found in tropical waters in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans. In U.S. waters, they may be seen off Hawaii. Christmas wrasses tend to frequent shallow waters and surf zones near reefs  and rocks. They may be found singly or in groups.   Christmas wrasses are most active during the day, and spend nights resting in crevices or in the sand.   Christmas Wrasse   Feeding and Diet Christmas wrasses feed during the day, and prey upon crustaceans, brittle stars, mollusks, and sometimes small fish, using canine teeth in their upper and lower jaws. Wrasses crush their prey using pharyngeal bones that are located near their gills.   Christmas Wrasse Reproduction Reproduction occurs sexually, with spawning occurring during the day. Males become more intense in color during spawning time, and their fins may be blue or blackish-blue in color. The males display by swimming back and forth and waving their pectoral fins. Males may form a harem with several females. If the primary male in a group dies, a female may change sex to replace him.   Christmas Wrasse Conservation and Human Uses Christmas wrasses are listed as of least concern on the IUCN Red List. They are widespread throughout their range. They are fished in limited numbers, but more important to humans for their use in the aquarium trade. References and Further Information Bailly, N. 2014. Thalassoma trilobatum (Lacepà ¨de, 1801). In: Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2014) FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species, December 22, 2014.Bray, D. J. 2011. Ladder Wrasse, Thalassoma trilobatum. Fishes of Australia. Accessed December 23, 2014.Cabanban, A. Pollard, D. 2010. Thalassoma trilobatum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Accessed December 23, 2014.Hoover, J. P. 2003. Fish of the Month: Christmas Wrasse. hawaiisfishes.com, Accessed December 23, 2014.Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 pp., via FishBase, December 22, 2014.Waikiki Aquarium. Christmas Wrasse. Accessed December 23, 2014.

Macro & Micro economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Macro & Micro economics - Essay Example The phase which started from 1929 lasted for more than a decade and its effect was faced by most of the nations around the globe. The Great Recession of 2008 on the other hand took place due to a host of reasons including the subprime lending crisis, the burst of the US housing bubble, the drastic increase in the price of oil in the country and the devaluation of dollar. This report looks into the various aspects of the setbacks in the international trade caused by the collapse in US financial markets. The focus of this report is the main areas of the UK and EU which are in trade relations with the country of United States. Finally the changes in the trade policies in the post financial crisis period have been analysed. Causes and Mechanisms of the collapse of the world trade As during the time of the Great Depression when the phase saw increase in the rate of unemployment, lack of liquidity in the economy and various situations of bankruptcy, the great recession also witnessed the s imilar trouble. The economy faced a decline in the import and exports which in turn affected those countries which depended mostly on foreign trade during the 1930s (Bernard, Jensen, Redding and Schott, 2009, p. 491). Similar thing happened at the time of the US recession in 2008. The entire economy experienced a plunge in the global trade which accounted for about 30% decline compared to the GDP of the country. The trade figures for the country have been shown with the help of the export import trends of the country. Figure 1: Export of US Source: www.tradingeconomics.com It is clear that the exports of the country had been increasing from before 2004. However, trade faced a jolt in 2009 at the outset of the period of recession. The trade of US recovered from 2010 and it is exhibiting an upward trend at the present day. Similar situations can be noticed in the European Union. The export situation for this region also faced the similar consequences as that of the US (Velde, 2011, pp 1–28). Figure 2: Exports in European Union Source: www.tradingeconomics.com Economists have provided a host of reasons that would justify the trade collapse. First of all the supply chain linkages have caused a drop in the trade figures. The vertical linkage hypothesis believes that with a decrease in the demand for the final goods, the demands for the intermediate goods that add value to the final product are also at stake. With the advent of liberalisation, division of labour has taken place across countries and a lot of specialisation has occurred in the production process (Yi, 2003, p. 65). Thus if the aggregate demand in one country reduced it has an effect on the balance of trade of all the related countries. The compositional effect is a second reason why the international trade dropped during 2009. Trade of a country may take place in various sectors but there is a definite proportion in which it should take place. If inconsistent trade takes place in the sectors wit h the worse affected level of domestic absorption, then the trade to GDP ratio would be most adversely affected (Erceg, Guerrieri and Gust, 2008, p. 2637). The US data on industrial production would be able to support this hypothesis. It has been empirically tested that the drop in trade took place more in the sectors that reported decline in the domestic output the most. Figure 3: Trade across product categories Source: www.wto.org Finally the shortage of credit was the reason why trade could not take place at its full capacity. Any firm in order to carry on with the

Poetry Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Poetry Paper - Essay Example If there was rain, or storm, or hunger, the other day or maybe tomorrow, the bird trudges on, unmindful of the pain and sorrows that could have weighed people down. So it was with life, Cohen used the birdsong to remind his readers that everyday is an experience, the past is gone and the future is still inconsequential. This very moment is what is important and perhaps this point of view is the author’s version of the best way to live a life. With the birds, Cohen also introduced the concept of freedom, which he would further explain in his words about the dove later on. The bird is free from any baggage and so it can proceed on singing regardless of what has transpired before. It is, indeed, a powerful concept to emphasize the simplicity of life if one only takes the right kind of perspective. This introduction excellently laid the foundation for the more complex themes that would be explored by the author. In reality, for Cohen, â€Å"the dove is never free†. If it is , presently, â€Å"she will be caught again bought and sold and bought again†. Is it then a tragedy? The thought is heart-wrenching especially when one remembers those who have fallen just so the dove can fly. Emotions ran high here. The dove is an endearing symbol that evokes some sense from people to protect it. If one â€Å"listens† more carefully, Cohen seemed to hint another meaning or concept that the dove should represent – bondage. It is the dove’s fate to be chained as much as it represents war itself. Put in another way, wars would not have occurred if there was no dove in the first place. These thoughts would assault your mind as you read the lines about the bird being sold and bought like it was the most natural thing in the world. It is frustrating that wars will be fought again and again, promising a tiring battle that could break the human spirit. Fortunately, the message is not all about this sad narrative at all. As with the very first pa ssage, this part was used to emphasize a more important message. Immediately following this dark passage is a line that talked about the â€Å"crack†. And this was more significant since it paved the way for the main theme of the poem – survival, hope and persistence of the human spirit. It is interesting that they could all be excellently depicted by the word â€Å"crack†: There is a crack in everything That’s how the light gets in. Cohen also managed to infuse religious theme in two lines and they were added as if like an afterthought or a respite after some hard labor: Ring the bells that still can ring Forget your perfect offering Its proximity to the â€Å"hope† and â€Å"war† themes, they also represented a transition towards the lines about the government. The religious theme, however, is stronger. With the two lines, Cohen asked for some form of awareness: Which of the bells no longer ring? Which are those that still can? And what is the perfect offering? These questions that the readers would eventually ask have some important implications. First, there is something not right with many religions or what they expect from their flock. We want to be saved but then Cohen is suggesting that many ways posited by the churches could be flawed and so we must ring those that still can and offer something different, one that though may not be perfect must be suitable. It

Overview of the organization of Wal-Mart Essay Example for Free

Overview of the organization of Wal-Mart Essay Today, one of the most common places known to everyone (Except Paris Hilton) is Wal-Mart. Last year, Wal-Mart had revenues of $191 billion and has 1,283,000 employees, as of 2002. Wal-Mart is the largest retail store in the United States, and is larger than any other retail chain in the world. Currently Wal-Mart operates over 4,150 retail facilities globally. According to the Fortune 500 index of the wealthiest and most powerful corporations in the world, Wal-Mart holds the number one spot, ranked by its total sales. The company is ranked as the second most admired company in the world by Fortune (www.fortune.com). With all these numbers, you would think they had a long drawn out plan with goals as long as their success, but when Sam Walton created Wal-Mart in 1962, he declared that three policy goals would define his business: respect for the individual, service to customers, and striving for excellence (www.walmart.com). Three very short, but successful goals, which have been working since. As I researched goals and planning, Wal-Marts goals are not the standard goals that I found. In the textbook there is information concerning characteristics of goals. Characteristics of Well-Designed Goals: 1) Written in terms of outcomes rather than actions. 2) Measurable and quantifiable. 3) Clear as to a time frame. 4) Challenging yet attainable. 5) Written down. 6) Communicated to all necessary organizational members. Management (Page 166 Para. 1) As we redirect to Wal-Marts goals, we can see that they would not be defined as well designed. Not many of the six characteristics would fit Sam Waltons goals. 1) Respect for the individual This could not be considered for outcomes rather than actions nor is it measurable and quantifiable. It contains no time frame and I hardly consider respect as a challenge. However the goals were written and have been communicated to all employees. When it comes to the respect from Wal-Mart stores many individuals feel Sam Walton has lost his sight. I researched what others had to say about the goals. Everyone says the store really got bad after Sam died, one individual explains. http://members.aol.com/walmopboy/abuse/strl.htm (Look Before You Leap) The site contains articles customers and employees have posted about the treatment they have received at various Wal-Mart stores. 2) Service to customers Once again this fits only the last two characteristics explained. It is written and has been communicated. 3) Striving for excellence This, compared to the other two fits the characteristics best. It could be considered for outcomes rather than action, and could be considered challenging. It is not measurable and quantifiable, nor clear as to a time frame. However, it is once again written down and communicated to the employees. When I researched how well these goals were communicated to the employees, I found that they are printed on the hiring paperwork. Once the paperwork is complete the employees do not see or receive the goals. Therefore, I do not feel the goals are communicated effectively among the employees and organization. In order for the goals to be achieved, I feel the employees must be aware of Sam Waltons sight. I believe the first step to achieve these goals effectively would be to instill them within the employees. They should be explained clearly and constantly. They should also be printed, in clear sight. This would help to  remind employees and show customers their attitudes. I also feel that the goals should have a clear time frame and measurable. For example: In one year, cut complaints to less than 20 per store. There should be some way to ensure the goals are being reached. By setting time frames and a measurable form the store can see how well or terrible they are doing. Resources: 1) Wal-Mart Homepage http://www.walmart.com/ [Accessed 18 July 2004] 2) Fortune http://www.fortune.com/fortune/ [Accessed 18 July 2004] 3) Wal-Mart Horror Stories Archives http://members.aol.com/walmopboy/abuse/strl.htm [Accessed 19 July 2004] 4) Robbins, Coulter (2005) Management Eighth Edition Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Custom Publishing

Biography of Martin Luther :: Protestant Reformation World History Essays

Biography of Martin Luther Martin Luther , who was born in 1483,remains in history known as on of the few unique forces that changed the world fundamentally by force of will and by his ideas. The people who support him call him the â€Å"Protestant hero, a freedom fighter, and a wise insightful church leader.† But there are many people who do not like and the names they call him are a â€Å"heretic, an apostate, and a profane ecclesiastical terrorist.† Often Luther called himself a simple monk or a simple Christian. He was glad that a straight-forward stand of sense of right and wrong had turned him into one of the most talked about people of his time. Little did he know that, that simple Christian and that simple stand for what is right and what is wrong changed the course of World History. I will explain Martin Luther in four main parts of his life. First, his early years; second, Luther’s struggle to find peace and his discovery of grace; third, his problems with the sell of indulg ences; and finally, Luther’s death and legacy. First of all, Martin Luther’s early years of his life. Martin Luther was born to Hans and Margaretta Luther on November 10, 1483 in Eisleben, Germany. He was baptized on the feast day of St. Martin of Tours , of which he was named of. His father owned and worked a copper mine in the nearby town of Mansfeld. Having come from peasantry, his father was determined to see his son rise up to civil service and bring more honor to the family. To achieve this goal Hans sent Martin Luther to schools in Mansfeld, Magdeburg, and Eisenach. When he was seventeen, in 1501, he entered the University of Erfurt. There he received a Bachelors degree in 1502 and a masters degree in 1505. Trying to fulfill his fathers wishes he enrolled in the law school of that university. Little did he know that all that was about to change. While riding a horse during a thunderstorm in the summer of 1505 a lightning bolt struck near him while returning to school. Being in a terrified state he cried out, â €Å"Help, St. Anne I’ll become a monk † Luther was spared his life and so he kept his promise and entered the monastery at his law school.

Good vs Evil Essay

Going back to as far as we can remember there has always been a battle between good and evil or right vs. wrong. At the end of the day we are all faced with a moment where we must make a decision. A series of made decisions will, as a result, mold our character to somehow define ourselves as either good people or bad people. It is no surprise that this very own reality is the focus on our entertainment as well. We lose ourselves in an action packed film about a superhero saving the world from a villain to spending an evening watching soap operas where Mr. Perfect goes through an injustice as Mr. Wrong in Every Sense takes his woman away from him. But before all of this technology took over, this scenery was given to us in a more witty and creative way. We will discuss these mentioned roles in two superb stories that until this day simply cannot be replaced by special effects and/or exaggerated and unnecessary stunts. Let’s begin by discussing this subject along with one of O’Connor’s masterpieces â€Å" A Good Man is Hard to find†. This is a story without restraint on going straight to the point. We may describe O’Connor’s style of writing as a no apologies type of writing. The story begins by portraying an almost ordinary family. There is a grandmother, who plays the main role, along with her son, daughter-in-law, and grandchildren. This family discusses the possibilities of taking a road trip to Florida whereas the grandmother tries her best to persuade them into not following along with the plans. Being the paranoid elder we read about, she brings up the recent release of a killer and saying how â€Å"I couldn’t answer to my conscience† (449) if her family came across him. Moving on to spoiling the finale, the story ends with every member of the family being shot and killed. Although brutal, it is tied completely to the title as the family comes across a cold hearted, merciless killer who did not care for the pleading of poor old grandma. As previously discussed, this is a classic case of the innocent (good) sadly falling under the mercy of a criminal (evil). O’Connor was an author that wrote with a purpose and meaning behind every story. Even though some may argue about this being simple a story for entertainment, we are able to take a look around and notice that scenarios like the one in the story happen around us sadly. Therefore, the reader can relate and surely sympathize for the family and what they went through. One of O’Connor’s greatest attempt in revealing the mindset behind a character like The Misfit is through one of his final words after killing the grandmother by saying â€Å"She would have been a good woman†¦if it had been somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life† (459). Moving along to Boyle’s â€Å"Carnal Knowledge† we will find a variation of the Right vs. Wrong scenario. In this story we will read about the common scenario of a man, Jim, doing whatever it takes with the purpose of pursuing love in the arms of a very selfish and egotistical Alena. Like many, Jim works hard and enjoys eating meat, as he would love nothing more than to have â€Å"Beef, mutton, pork, venison, dripping burgers, and greasy ribs† (569). But his whole world is turned upside down when he meets Alena, as he was laying on the beach feeling lonesome. In contrast to him, Alena is an animal rights fanatic. Regardless, cupid’s arrow had struck Jim from the moment he laid eyes on her. He tried changing everything about himself to try and win her heart. Jim lost his job, became a vegan, and became part of animal rights protests to impress her. The sad part of the story was not love striking Jim. Instead, Alena being as self involved as she was, did not reciprocate the feelings he had for her. She did not reciprocate anything at all for that matter. After all his effort and attempts, Alena ends up with Rolfe and leaving with him to Wyoming, Along with this devastating heart break for Jim, during their whole friendship he was mistreated and being unfairly dealt by the woman who stole his heart. This is another relatable topic as we see this happen all the time around us or to us in our daily life. We find a relationship where there is and abuser and an abused. There is a relationship where there is right vs. wrong. Good vs. evil and right vs. wrong. We learn about this endless battle through stories, poems, movies, etc. Most importantly, we must treasure the brilliant work from authors like Boyle and O’Connor, which show us some of these scenarios through some of their writing. The same way we recognize the faults and the attributes in these characters, we can learn a thing or two and avoid making the same mistakes or catching ourselves while we still can before we hurt someone or even ourselves. We can all agree that right is most important after all.

A Midsummer Night’s Dream: an Ecological Interpretation

A Midsummer Night’s Dream: An Ecocritical Interpretation Lieutenant Asit Biswas Bio-Notes: Lieut. Asit Biswas is an Assistant Professor, Dept. of English, and Associate NCC Officer, Acharya B. N. Seal (Govt. ) College, Cooch Behar, W. B. ABSTRACT: Shakespeare studies in India started as early as in the early decades of the 19th century when the Indians seldom engaged in Shakespeare interpretation and so the term ‘ecocriticism’ was unheard of.What we mean by the phrase ‘Critical studies of Shakespeare’ started in India in 1917 when Hindu College (later on Presidency College and now Presidency University) was founded. Then Shakespeare began to be evaluated from an oriental point of view. Some of those interpretations may be considered ecocriticism. The same thing was done by Purna Chandra Basu (in his article â€Å"Sahitye Khoon†, D. L. Roy (in his book, Kalidas O Bhababhuti) etc. Eco-criticism as a literary movement, as Yogesh K.Tiwari and N. D. R. Chandra say, began in the 1990s. But ecocritical evaluation of Shakespeare’s plays from Indian point of view is yet to flourish well. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream one can find plethora of materials relevant not only for the students of literature but of environmental studies also. The aim of the present play is to reinterpret Shakespeare’ play A Midsummer Night’s Dream from ecocritical point of view and thereby justify the contemporaneity of the Bard.Now-a-days many in many universities in India the students have to read English and Environmental Studies as compulsory subjects, Shakespeare being a part of the former. As the students of literature they would be keen to trace out the aesthetic aspects of the dramas of Shakespeare while belonging to various disciplines they would naturally seek for the relevance of Shakespeare in the present context. So the paper is an attempt to bring out Shakespeare’s anticipation of the environmental problems a nd thereby prove Shakespeare as a topic of both literature and environmental studies.Modern environmentalism began with ‘A Fable for Tomorrow’, in Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring (1962). Mrs. Frederick Boas edited the Cambridge collection of Tempest Essays; Richard Kerridge N. Shammells published Writing the Environment, Eco-criticism and Literature (Zed Books-1998); J. Bate & L. Coupe published The Green Studies Reader from Romanticism to Eco-Criticism (by New York, Routeledge-2000);but the most outstanding book in this field is Green Shakespeare by Gabriel Egan who says, Crossing he boundaries of literary and cultural studies to draw in politics, philosophy and ecology, this volume not only introduces one of the most lively areas of contemporary Shakespeare studies, but also  puts forward  a convincing case for Shakespeare's continuing relevance to contemporary theory. There is a significant school named as the Association for the study of Literature and Envi ronment which was started in America and now has its branches in Japan and UK. It is mainly an association of the eco-critics. The Role of Literature in Placing a Value on the Environment: As Daniel B.Botkin and Edward A. Keller say in their book Environmental Science (5th edition, Page No. 11) the value of the environment is based on the following justifications: aesthetic, creative, recreational, inspirational, moral, cultural and utilitarian (materialistic). Aesthetic justification has to do with our appreciation of beauty of nature. Many people prefer living in the world of wilderness to one without it. Rabindranath Tagore created an instance by leaving the clutter of Calcutta settling down in the lap of Nature in Santiniketan.In Shakespeare the Forest of Arden minimizes the bereavement of the Duke in As You Like It. But in the Duke’s bemoaning for the subordination of the forest we hear the voice of an ecologist. It would not be a digression to say that Tagore’s e cocentrism is again found in Siksha: Tapoban in his comment on Shakespeare’s plays. While ecology is a mother branch of science, ecocriticism is comparatively a new branch which attempts to establish a relationship between literature and the physical environment.As Greg Garrard quotes in his book Eco-criticism from Glotfelty’s book The Eco-criticism Reader: Landmark in Literary Ecology: Simply put, eco-criticism is the study of the relationship between literature and physical environment. Just as feminist criticism examines language and literature from a gender conscious perspective, and Marxist criticism brings an awareness of modes of production and economic class to its reading of texts, eco-criticism takes an earth-centred approach to literary study.Garrard also adds that eco-criticism is closely related to environmentally oriented developments in philosophy and political theory. So eco-criticism may be interpreted as the analysis of a literary text from the point of view of an ecologist. Another epoch making writing that has relevance in our interpretation of A Midsummer Night’s Dream is Simon C. Estok’s research paper titled Shakespeare and Ecocriticism: An Analysis of â€Å"Home† and â€Å"Power† in King Lear in which the author explains the key terms â€Å"Anthropocentrism†, â€Å"Biocentrism/ Ecocentrism† and â€Å"Ecophobia†.Agreeing with Greg Garrard, Estok says that ecocriticism is not simply the study of nature or natural things in literature; rather it is any theory that is committed to effecting change by analysing the function – thematic, artistic, social, historical, ideological, theoretical, or otherwise— the natural environment, or aspects of it, represents in documents that contribute to material practices in material world. The explanation of the term ‘ecophobia’ is also very much necessary in our revaluation of A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Estok thinks that â€Å"ecophobia is the fear of loss of agency and control to Nature†.This ecophobia, found in both Oberon and Titania in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, gives birth to various conflicts, both inner and outer, or, to say more explicitly, psychological and social (which includes ecological aspects also) and this sociological aspects of the play justify the contemporaneity of the bard. Some minor research works have been done on this particular topic on national and international levels. Some research papers have been published on eco-criticism in Shakespeare’s dramas in some journals; mention may be made of the one written by Dr.Subh Brat Sarkar, Rishi Bankim Chandra College, Naihati, W. B. The paper already written by the present researcher and published in the Research Spectrum (August-2012 Issue) contains some hints of the Eco-criticism in Shakespeare’s plays as seen by Rabindranath Tagore. Tagore considered it to be a kind of colonialism. Accord ing to him colonialism is not only the subordination of a weaker nation by a powerful one but the subordination of nature by human beings. Tagore also probably finds the ‘ecologist Shakespeare’ as in As You Like It, The Tempest etc.According to Nirmal Selvamony, the humans have introduced a hierarchy in nature. In that the humans have placed the domesticated animals higher than the wild animals. â€Å"Even animals were ranged in hierarchic order, the domestic and the wild† (Selvamony 4). But in A Midsummer Night’s Dream the role of the dominating power is taken by the fairies and the inferior race is the human beings. The fairies have occupied the topmost position in the hierarchy of Nature and they subordinate man and they quarrel in order to decide who will ‘domesticate’ the Indian boy who is the representative of the colonized people.This kind of colonialism found in Nature may be termed ‘Ecocolonialism’ or ‘Eco-imperiali sm’. In a supernatural drama like the present one the imperialists are the fairies but in reality they are the mighty people and the colonized ones may be the flora and fauna or even linguistically, culturally, racially, socially, politically, religiously or financially weaker section of the people. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream an ecologist easily finds plenty of materials relevant not only to the students of literature but of science, especially ecology also.The human beings in the person of the Indian boy or the European lovers are merely playthings to the mighty fairies. The fairies play with the humans for their own pleasure and showing their might and not for the amusement of the humans and they do it from anthropocentric point of view. In his Master’s Degree dissertation paper, (University of South Florida) Roy Patricia points out the environmental issues in MND by referring to â€Å"Folk Medicine and the Four Fairies of A Midsummer Night’s Dream,à ¢â‚¬  by Lou Agnes Reynolds and Paul Sawyer who have recovered the fairies from evil associations by casting them as herbal doctors.The article points to the strong early modern interest in the medicinal use of plants and finds that, by the use of this imagery, Shakespeare imbues his fairy characters and their natural remedies with beneficial, medicinal properties. Reynolds and Sawyer’s points are well taken, but we can develop them even further. Not only do the four attendant fairies – Cobweb, Mustardseed, Peascod and Mote – represent fairy medicine but all the actions in the forest also act therapeutically upon the lovers. The inversion of love-roles and the dreams of the lovers depend upon Oberon’s extensive knowledge of the herbal lore of his world.As Oberon himself states: â€Å"Fare thee well, nymph [Helena]. Ere he do leave this grove / Thou shalt fly him, and he shall seek thy love. (2. 1. 245-6). In Act-1I, scene-i of from the speech of Puck we come to know that the king, Oberon is angry with the queen, Titania as she has seized away a boy from India and made him her servant. â€Å"For Oberon is passing fell and wrath, / Because she as her attendant hath / A lovely boy, stolen from an Indian king†. But the king wants to roam about the forests (Nature), along with the boy. As a result whenever they meet, they quarrel.Titania also alleges him of emptying of the venom of jealousy. She says that whenever they meet they quarrel and as a result the wind cannot sing the song of peace and is sucking the fog from the surface of the seas and the water level of the seas has been raised up; the natural system has been disrupted, resulting in untimely flood and thereby destruction of vast area of crops and extinct of a number of species. The ever smiling spring, the scorching summer, the frowning autumn and the cruel winter have changed their plight and so people cannot identify them.Titania confesses that they are responsible for this unholy variation of the cycle of seasons. The people cannot endure the change of the cycle of seasons; suffer from untimely winter and also various kinds of diseases due to the change and endangered bio-diversity. In reply to the allegation of the queen, the king urges her to correct the ecological imbalance as she has the power to remedy. The reason of their quarrel is also clear to the readers—possession of the boy kidnapped from India.Here the quarrel is between a power that has deprived the creature of his natural habitat and made him her servant and the eco-friendly power that is keen to roam about the forests, along with the innocent creature. But none is ready to provide the boy with absolute freedom and so their quarrel does not come to an end here. The king requests the queen to hand the boy over to him but she is too obstinate to nod. She frankly declares that she cannot lose her control over the boy even if she is given the whole fairy land. So Oberon deci des to use tricks.He advises Puck to extract the juice of a certain flower which would act like black magic and leave its evil influence on Titania’s eyes, if administered properly. It would also be able to invert the usual behaviour and natural instinct of a person as in the modern age we see the evil influence of narcotics especially in the third world countries. The harmful effect of the use of drugs on eco system is mainly felt in the developing countries. Again Titania, admits that their quarrel has destroyed the usual course of the natural phenomena and nature has undergone vast changes, creating ocean of troubles for human beings.In Act-1, Scene-ii (Lines 81-117) Titania, the Queen of the fairies alleges that their quarrel has destroyed the usual habits of the natural phenomena and Nature has undergone vast changes, creating ocean of troubles for human beings. It may be considered Shakespeare’s anticipation of what McKibben says in his book The End of Nature (19 90): We have changed the atmosphere, and thus we are changing the weather. By changing the weather we make every spot on earth man-made or artificial. We have deprived nature of its independence, and that is fatal to its meaning. Nature’s independence is its meaning; ithout it there is nothing but us. (McKibben 1990: 54) In this connection it may be recalled that India was a favourite commercial place to the Western countries form the time of ancient history. And for the sole possession of India several wars were for between the English and the French and others. The Indian boy in the play is symbolically a colony, an ideal place for business. Now-a-day it may be a typical Indian plant for whose patent the economic colonialists are ever fighting among themselves and in order to supersede one another destroying the eco system of the whole globe.Recently we witnessed the war between Iraq and U. S. A. Various reasons may be found out but the naked truth is that the sole reason o f the notorious war is nothing but the shameless effort of control over the petroleum mines of the Arabian countries. When the two â€Å"do square, that all their elves for fear/ Creep into acorn cups and hide them there†. The peaceful people whenever get frightened, seek refuge in nature and it may be kept in mind that the best remedy of various pollutions including noise pollution is plantation.Nature is the man’s ultimate refuge because only nature can provide the human beings with eternal pleasure, both physical and mental. Puck also confesses that he, in order to make a fun and to show his prowess, perturbs the natural habits of an object both animate and inanimate. In modern age the modern Pucks very often destroy the Nature and subordinate the creatures of Nature very often out of fun. Examples may be given of the tortured animals in the circus shows, poachers’ activities etc; moreover, we torture the animals in the zoo.Keeping bird cages is a favourite b ut cruel hobby of a kind of people even after the passage of law against it. It is not only inhuman and unlawful but harmful to bio-diversity also. Recently a television channel telecast a live show of beating thousands of innocent seals to death in Antarctica by a community as it is the annual festival of the community. The pain of the poor seals, especially the half dead ones, the fear of the eco system to be disturbed, the melting of the glaciers and thereby upheaval of the sea level cannot render them anxious of the future of the earth.In this post-Modern age MND is quite relevant and significant since we witness the ecological imbalance, extinction of a large number of species, climatic change, global warming, uprising of the sea level, earth quake, tsunami, El Nino etc. The reason behind such troubles may be, along with the others, the wars (Gulf war, the long war between Iran and Iraq and of course the two World Wars), nuclear bomb testing and above all merciless deforestatio n. Here in the speech of Titania we seem to hear the voice of an environment scientist or of an ecologist.It may be noted that the more mighty the power, the more strong a destroyer is he in this post-Modern Age. Probably Shakespeare anticipated the natural problems created by the super-human power. The Titanias now-a-days are the war-mongers greedy of absolute power, who seldom think of the future of the globe. So in this age of science and technology the revaluation of the plays of Shakespeare is very much significant. In the same Act and scene the speech of Oberon (L-176–185) is also significant.He speaks of the juice of a flower that is able to hypnotize any man or woman and make him/her fall in love with any creature seen first. But the remedy is known to Oberon only. So it may be supposed that he wants to administer the cunning trick only to destroy the natural habit of a creature and to apply his remedy and thereby to prove his power. In the post-Modern age of economic colonialism this cunning theory is felt to have come back, but with a new dimension. For example the parthenium plant has allegedly come from U. S. A. As found in an e-article (http://www. streetdirectory. om) It appears that Parthenium is not native to India, but it came with the imported wheat as a mixture, when the US sent wheat to India under PL 480 (Public Law 480 passed in 1954 to give food grains to developing countries) in 1956. However this concept was contradicted by some as not the real story because Parthenium was present in India even in 1951 itself. Some people allege that this plant causes asthma whose medicine would be made in USA and so in order to sell the medicine and to prevail over the subcontinent, the Americans sent the parthenium seeds as adulteration with wheat seeds.So the purpose is to make the Indians asthma patients and then to sell to them asthma medicine. But we should not engage ourselves in this controversy, since we are not talking of international politics but of literary criticism. Here, in the drama the role of Oberon is like that of a modern capitalist who uses his cunning method in order to prove his supremacy and thereby dominate over the comparatively weaker sections and he is doing this out of ecophobia. Ultimately Oberon, the king realizes the harmful effect of his sports and then he feels sorry and takes the responsibility and so urges his assistant to correct the mistakes.He also pacifies his quarrel with Titania, once again with the help of the same narcotics. Here we see the constructive use of the herbs. Thus the play ends with an optimistic note and indirectly upholds the banner of Nature which is the best remedy for the revival of the impaired eco system. It also opines that man cannot remain happy by subordinating nature. Now in the age of global warming the plays of Shakespeare deserve a re-reading. One may recall the peaceful atmosphere in the Forest of Arden (As You Like It) and realize that subordination of nature cannot bring us mental peace as Tagore realized.He establishes his opinion by citing examples from As You Like It, Sakuntala etc. In the concluding song Puck urges the audience to consider the play to be a dream. We may do but it would not be an overstatement to consider it to be a dream of an ecologist because in the play we see what an ecologist would think of the vast change taken place in environment due to the modern leaders of the planet. Reference 1. Arumugam, E. (2008) Principles of Environmental Ethics, Sarup Book Publishers Pvt. Ltd. , New Delhi-2, India. 2. Bookchin, Murray, Anthropocentrism versus biocentrism – a false dichotomy http://climateandcapitalism. om. 3. Botkin, Daniel B. ; Keller , Edward A. , (2005), Environmental Science, John Wiley ; Sons, Inc, U. S. A. 4. Estok, Simon C. , Shakespeare and Ecocriticism: An Analysis of â€Å"Home† and â€Å"Power† in King Lear, http://simonestok. com. 5. Garrard, G. (2007) Ecocriticism, Routled ge, London and New York. 6. Gifford, Terry: (1999) Pastoral, Routeledge, London and New York. 7. Glotfelty, C. and Fromm, H. (ed) (1996) The Eco-criticism Reader: Landmark in Literary Ecology, University of Georgia Press, London. 8. McKibben, B. (1990), The End of Nature, Penguin, London, 9.Patricia, Roy, (2004), â€Å"Shakespeare’s Midsummer Fairies: Shadows and Shamen of the Forest†, http://scholarcommons. usf. edu/etd/1226 10. Purohit , S. S. ; Ranjan, Rajiv (2003), Ecology, Environment and Pollution, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur, India. 11. Sarkar, Subh Brat, (2005), â€Å"Ecological Theatre: Performance and Ecological Issues† (in Prakashkal) Unique; Panshila, Sodepur, W. B. , India. 12. Selvamony, Nirmal, (2001): â€Å"Persons for Alternative Social Order†, Chennai, India. 13. Shakespeare, William, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, New Delhi: Oxford ; IBH Publishing Co.Pvt Ltd. , 1980. 14. Tagore, R. , (1932) The Religion of Man, George Allen and Unwin, London. 15. Thompson, Jr. , E. , (1926), Rabindranath Tagore: Poet and Dramatist, Read, p. 12, http://en. wikipedia. org. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1. Dr. Amit Bhattacharya, Associate Professor ; Head, Dept. of English, University of Gour Banga, Malda, W. B. , India. 2. UGC (India) for MRP (No: F. PHW-131/09-10 (ERO) Date: Sept. 07, 2009) 3. The Essay was published in the International Journal of Innovative Research and Development (ISSN 2278-0211), Vol-1, Issue-6 September, 2012. www. ijird. com.

Controversy On The Beach essays

Controversy On The Beach essays A big issue in the South today has arisen from the confederate battle flag that was used during the Civil War. Many people argue that the battle flag should fly across the southern states. In Harrison County, Mississippi there has been controversy over the issue to continue flying the battle flag. After the state was awarded to keep its own flag, with the symbol of the confederate flag on it, many angry citizens in Harrison County want the confederate battle flag to come down. Both sides present a good argument pertaining the flag issue. The Eight Flags Beach was originally part of a private theme park that opened in the late 1960s. The park had always included the confederate battle flag to represent the era during which Mississippi was part of the Confederacy. Since the 1970s, the display has been debated on and off at many supervisors meetings. The flag was initially intended to represent the eight governments that had ruled over Mississippi since 1699. With that being the case, many citizens from Harrison County feel that the confederate flag would have to be a legitimate part of the display since Mississippi was a part of the Confederate States of America. The issue of heritage was brought in and discussed thoroughly in meetings and discussions. Some Gulfport residents feel that the confederate flag is a symbol of ongoing heritage that was brought on from the brave soldiers who fought in the bloody Civil War. They say that it would dishonor those who lost their life in the war if the The residents in favor of keeping the flag say in defense that it is not there to show any counts of racism. They feel that many minorities want to use the confederate flag as a way of bringing slavery into the picture. Many residents however ...

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Term Paper Format Term Paper Format Term Paper Format There are many different types of terms papers and every tutor has his own formats and conventions. In your field of study, you will need to find out exactly what the accepted term paper conventions are. Note that these conventions may vary from one subject to the next. While writing a term paper, you will have to use different sources. If you do a good job with your research now, you may not have to do extra research later. Choose an original and interesting topic for term paper writing. Remember, if two term papers will have the same topic, be sure these two papers will be compared and examined very closely. While writing a term paper, choose the most direct way to express your point. Using too many words can be a greater problem than using the wrong word. Term Paper Format Tips Before writing a term paper, you probably will be assigned to use one of the term paper styles. You may be assigned either APA or MLA style term paper. While writing a term paper, examine the assigned style. Be sure that teacher will take into account your proper use of format. The term paper should have a title in the center of the first page. Pagination should start with the second page. Introduction, thesis statement, body paragraphs and conclusion are the essential part of the term paper writing. Use transitional sentences between the paragraphs You must not use first person 'I' or 'we'  or second person 'you' unless allowed by your teacher. Remember that term papers are written in a formal style. This does not mean that they have to contain long and difficult words, but rather that they do not contain contractions e.g: isn't, won't etc. Use Time New Roman or Arial font, 12 point, double-spaced format. Term paper topics mustn't have such words as 'how to'. The term paper should have at least 5 cited sources. If you paraphrase some information make sure that paraphrase has the same meaning as conveyed by the author. Change not only the sentence structure, but also the words. Give a reference to the author whom you are paraphrasing with both an in-text and reference page citation. If it is necessary, use integrating verbs. Be sure that your sentences sound natural. Paraphrase at least 70% of the time and don't forget to use scientific writing style. Cheek the term paper carefully for mistakes, it shouldn't have handwritten corrections. Custom Written Term Papers Term paper writing has a significant impact on your final grade for the course.   Many students believe that writing something is enough to get a good grade. This is a wrong assumption - writing something is not enough because your term paper is graded for clarity of idea expression, proper format, detailed referencing, and full coverage of the topic.   We offer you to use professional term paper writing help to ensure high grade.   We know what a good term paper is and we know how the great term paper is written.

Final research proposal Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Final proposal - Research Paper Example An endeavor has been made to underline the causes, impacts, and statistical data about the domestic violence against women in Australia as well as the need of better services and safety measures towards the supreme authorities of policy and strategy makers in the country. Statistical data of past 15 years shows a devastating situation for the women in Australia. The most significant problem among all is the domestic violence against them. The situation gets worse day by day due to socioeconomic, cultural, and domestic violence. â€Å"It is very difficult to measure the true extent of violence against women as most incidences of domestic violence and sexual assault go unreported† (Phillips, 2008, p.1). The problems comprise of both domestic violence as well as sexual assault. The government and some private organizations have started to provide comforts to those women that experienced the domestic violence. Safe Home program is one of them. It was jointly launched the National Foundation for Australian Women (NFAW), University of Melbourne, and The Salvation Army in 1973. The program has shown great results for the establishment of good future for the women in rest of their lives. The program serves any woman who has been experiencing the domes tic violence, homelessness or some other personal crisis. It not only serves them with food and shelter but also gives them peace of mind and body by giving counseling and health practices like Yoga. These organizations are on their way of providing money by means of outdoor jobs that include services for the country. This research mainly deals with the possible outcomes which could come about by providing better living services and safety to the Australian women. The paper elaborates the research design, methodology and analysis of data. A brief literature review has been provided to illustrate the importance and current situation of the problem. In the end the researcher has defined the estimated timeframe and financial

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Theories for Play and Learning in Childcare

Theories for Play and Learning in Childcare Introduction: Education is the backbone for any nation and children are future of a country. Proper education for children is very important for any children. But this education process must need to be productive and effective and designed in structured ways for prosperity of nation. To make education process effective through play and learning planners need to plan according to theoretical approaches practiced long time in play and learning. Not every child in a school or learning activity set is same. Some children are with special needs and need to be teaching carefully. Several types of assessment can be conduct to find out these children with special needs and teach them. Planning play and learning activities for children will be more productive by preparing them by consulting with parents and professionals. Finally results should be recorded for future uses with further education planning for a nation to be more developed. Wrong education in early stages can ruin the future of a child. So hi gh care, in designing early learning activities need to be taken for development of children and nation. Assessment criteria 1.1- Describe the development, over time, of theoretical approaches to play and learning. Several theories in play and learning have developed time to time but no theories were good enough to describe it. Many theories for development in educational practices for children are being used during 20th century. Important theories among them are maturational theory, behaviourist theory, psychoanalytic theory, constructivist theory, socio-historical theory, ecological theory, ecological theory, environmentalist theory and many others. Maturational Theory: This theory was developed by Arnold Gesell in 1925. This theory was developed, based on 3 assumptions, Development base is biological, Type of body, Ectomorph Endomorph Mesomorph Alternating between good and bad years. These assumptions are related with personality development that influenced teaching and reading method of children in mid nineteenth century. By this theory children were not ready for study until 6 years old mentally. Activities in school were developed for unready children to help them to be ready for reading. This process is still in practices known as preschool. Behaviourist Theory: Behaviourist theory was developed by Skinner and Bijou. This theory influenced special education programmes in schools. Its main theme is role of environment in children’s education and development. Teacher uses this theory for those who found with difficulties in on-going environment. Major objective of this theory was not left any children behind. Psychoanalytic Theory: From the very start of 1920 this theory was used for analysing behaviour disorder of children, developed by Freud. In this theory, play therapy was recommended for children accompanied by parents or children. This theory was very useful for children with special needs. Constructivist Theory: There are many constructivist theories, among them theory of Pia Get affects activities of classroom in 21st century. This theory focused on mathematical and logical knowledge of children via improving individual’s relationship rather than socially build knowledge. Socio-historical theory: Developed by Vygotsky in 1978 gave importance on socio-historical context of learning by teaching culture, language and literacy and involvement of adult persons in proximal development zone of a child. Proximal zone of development in children education concept affected learning and play greatly. Ecological System theory: This system stated that children’s learning capabilities are directly or indirectly get affected by their residence place. All macro, micro, meso and exo system of residing place affect a child’s temperament, activity, capability to learn and attention. Environmentalist Theory: This theory resembles ecological theory in some point. Follower of this theory believe that learning theory of children get shaped by environment they belongs to as natural response tendency of human to nature. This concept leads to the idea of developing schools, educators and most importantly families for proper learning of a child. Multiple Intelligence Theory: Developed by Gardner, this theory is influencing recent learning system. Main theme of this theory is to develop multiple types of problem solving abilities in children to develop them. Assessment criteria 1.2- Evaluate different philosophical approaches to play and learning. Philosophical approaches in play and learning are approaches taken by preschools to improve readiness of children. There are many of these approaches and some of them are evaluate below. Play based: Play based philosophy is program of school where children have the ability to choose activity according to their interest. This approach is also known as â€Å"child-centered† approach. In this philosophy, classroom is divided into various sections such as, science, kitchen, reading and many other reading related toys. Teachers let children to play. It seems that children are just playing but through playing they are building social communication skill, cooperation and getting interested in specific subject. This approach is one of the best philosophical approaches. Academic: It is designed with lots of activities for children. Opposite of play based where teacher guide children to do specific activities. Here children get prepared for reading. Teacher let children learn music, letters, shapes, colours etc. most of the parents think that this approach is best as their children are learning in a structured way but philosophers says that preschool stage is for learning social and communication skills. Montessori: This approach designed by Maria Montessori in Italy. This approach is play based with focus on academic activities. In this system children learn according to their pace. Teachers gathered them and design the classroom according to age. This helps younger to learn from older. This is a good approach as it’s based on play and learning both. Waldorf: This system increase children’s creativity in learning. Specific activities set according to time in weeks and ages of children where they can learn gardening, music, reading, singing, and acting. This system is a blend of creative learning and reading. They also learn other social skill in this system. Reggio Emilia: This system is designed to let children explore their learning capabilities. It was developed by Reggio Emilia in Italy. It is project based philosophy where students can learn according to their interest. Though, this system is good for aged children but not appropriate for younger children. Assessment criteria1.3- discuss on current influences on play and learning and the planning and provision of learning. Influencing factors Play and learning Planning and provision of learning Physical security In play and learning students do lots of activities and security program must be taken for them. Sometimes teachers may reject some activities where children might get physical injury. Social and emotional issues. Wrong social and emotional education ruins students’ ability in social skills and emotional feelings. Planners have to choose teacher with good social skills and emotional knowledge which is a tough task. Environment Environment of learning and play influence children ability to learn. Higher school authority has to ensure perfect environment for play and learning which is sometimes costly. Curriculum Curriculum leads children to further learning process after preschool. Wrong curriculum can kill valuable times and future of children so it must be designed with specialist. Parent and teacher role Better parental and teacher role can develop learning process and let a child learn hurry. Teacher role can be controlled by supervision but parent need to be counselled by school authority which increase cost and manpower. Assessment criteria 2.1- explain the use of observations to assess learning needs, consider how assessment based on observations can inform planning and respond to individual learning needs. Observation can be great uses to asses learning needs of a child. In this process a teacher observe children behaviour of academic learning, engagement in activities, interest, response to environment, continuity in interest, progress made by children etc. and record them. Parents can also children behaviour in their community. Systematic observation over time is better than one time observation. By observing several time it easy to know interaction of a child with activities and toys around him/ her. By documenting children behaviour, measuring children’s needs is easy. It allow to design further learning plan for children. For example 3 children playing with parts of aircraft toys and talking for much time help an observer to decide about children’s interest in airlines education along with their language, social and cognitive skills. Observer must be an unbiased person and avoid their personal interests and impression to assess needs of a child. Systematic observatio n should be; Happen several times over a time period. Designed to collect information about children from various types of sources including parents. Designed to collect information about children from various types of context. If teachers observe children they can know about the environment, curriculum, planning and strategies for teaching and can determine whether it need to be developed or not. Assessment criteria 2.2- discuss how information from other agencies can contribute to the assessment of learning needs. Information from other agencies can also contribute to the assessment of learning needs. It will help school to know about pros and cons of it. It enables a school to know perfectness of its progressing and needs. Information from other agencies also can be useful to know about of areas that need to be improved. It also informs about various types of different activities from other children in the community and can take precautionary system to avoid any wrong done in learning and play for future. Performances of other agencies also lead to motivation for teacher. Exchanging information between agencies can lead to amalgamation of agencies to work as safeguard for children and their learning. It can protect children from maltreatment, maintaining equality in children’s development, proper curriculum for learning process and take step that will help children to get the best outcomes. Professionals from agencies can analyse each other’s information to develop a much broade r and effective learning activities set or proper curriculum too. For example information from agency where only children with special need learn can be useful for children with special needs in another agency. These are some ways agencies information exchange can develop learning and play process of education for children. It is responsibility of agencies, authorities and parents in the community to work together to bring best outcomes of children for further national development through education. Assessment criteria 3.1- explain how to plan curriculum activities which promote learning. Curriculum activities are predesigned set of activities for learning of children step by step. Flawless curriculum can provide a child with best education he/ she needed and promote learning. Curriculum can be planned in various ways according to culture and social needs and experience of adults. But curriculum planned to promote learning must include following; The arts: Children need to be encouraged and stimulated by adult persons to reveal their thought, ideas and develop their creativity. Opportunity to share these ideas and thought via various types of arts such as writing, music, drama, dance, painting, design and other activities are very important. Language development: Language development is to improve children’s basic language skill and improve them to communicate with other. Language is the only media to share, gather and learn. So language development is a crucial part for development. Mathematical knowledge: Developing mathematical knowledge in early stage is important. Mathematical knowledge develops children’s logical skill and need for day to day life problem solving skill. Both indoors and outdoors activities should include this. Personal, social and emotional development: This is the utmost important education for children. This is about building their mental identity, values, norms, sustainable relationship, positive attitudes and finally for their well-being. Strong socio-personal and emotional development leads to success in other learning. Physical development: Physical play in outdoors or indoor develop physical strength and stamina of children and let them physically fit beside developing balance and body controlling and awareness about surroundings. Others thing need to be include in curriculum to promote learning are diversity, goals and objectives, routines, family involvement in learning process etc. Assessment criteria 3.2- assess the effectiveness of different approaches to planning learning opportunities. Whole school approach: Whole school approach is based on the idea that, every child has the ability to learn. Whole school practices is the method of diversified learning with high sets of measurement tool for achievements, learning and outcomes and teaching according to achievements of each students. This system includes behaviour support and learning support that need these. In a whole approach system teaching system s diversified with differentiate teaching style according to learners’ needs. Teachers teach here in 2 groups; focused teaching for student with normal achievement pace and intensives teaching for few students who need extra care. Integrated teaching approach: It’s a combination of play and learning guided by either elder person where adult people are intentionally involved with children in playing and learning or child directed play. Child directed play is learning process lead by children’s interest of exploring things. Children are able to learn by themselves but in this approach adults increase children’s learning by intentional engagement. Assessment criteria 3.3- consider methods of involving parents and other professional in reviewing assessments and plans. No specific methods are available of involving parents and other professional in reviewing assessments and plans. It happens in numerous ways. Professional and parents involvement in reviewing assessments helps to understand assessments results in a better way and to create more perfect plans for learning. Family centred system: Parents also can assess children’s behaviour and other activities. Observing only activities in school can’t provide better result. Children’s behaviour and interaction in society and community is important too, that can be assessed by parents and professionals in home. Working together: Another better way for parents, school and professional is to work together to assess behaviour of children and create plans for further learning. They can set standards for assessing by their experience and viewpoint and create plans. This assessment and planning method is more fruitful than any other. Communication: School authority also can communicate with parents and professional as needs to increase effectiveness of learning. Communicating them with assessment process and vital standards will bring proper result and plan. Advocacy and decision making: Advocacy by parents and professional in decision making process by using information from assessment can helpful too. School authority can take suggestion, guidelines and necessary step to make assessment and plans more successful. Community collaboration: Community collaboration by school with professional and parents can be great resulting methods. Collaboration with community let school and professional know more about activities and behaviour of children outside the school. That helps in assessment and planning. Assessment criteria 4.1- analyse the key issues in ensuring that assessment are objective and valid. Key principles for an assessment to be are validity, reliability, practicability and equitable and fair. Assessments procedures and process should be in standard way that can be reliable. Unbiased and regular practicability of assessment procedures is important also. These make an assessment objective. But to be valid there are 6 more key issues and they are, Content and standards: enough time should be taken to familiarise assessor with the units and their needs. This help to determine knowledge and skills need to assess. Create an assessment plan: assessment plan need to be created in this step. Considering learning stage of candidate along with assessment criteria. Choosing assessment method: it is very important issue. Method should be supportive to learning, capable of collecting evidence, providing chance for combination of assessment. Developing an assessment: assessment methods, standards and other criteria determined here. Determining acceptable evidence for the assessment: evidence of developing learning needs should be determine in this stage. Assessment criteria 4.2- reflect on the role of the practitioner in meeting children’s learning needs. Practitioner plays an important role in early learning of children with relevant curriculum. Practitioner must act properly and need to be productive to carry on their role to fulfil learning needs. Their roles are described below; Practitioners have to be capable of understanding curriculum for children education to implement them. They have to understand the importance of physical, intellectual, emotional and social knowledge needed for children. They should ensure security and value for every child equally without considering any discrimination. Practitioner and parents must have to work together to increase confidence of children. Practitioners have to help children to overcome their disadvantages. Positive relationship by practitioner with children and parents create an effective learning environment where children can feel safe and sound. Practitioner should engage children in different kinds of activities designed and lead by them. They need to be able to communicate with children appropriately. They need to take purposeful activity and proper intervention to engage children in learning process. At last, education to be productive and effective needs high care by practitioners. Conclusion: Various types of theoretical approaches used and being used in learning process of children. They were developed time to time and have effective influences in play and learning activities. Combining these theoretical approaches with philosophical approaches in play and learning can be more successful. These approaches affect play and learning and planning of play and learning. Observation method of assessment is one of the best methods to assess learning needs of children for future planning of learning. Information of other agencies is useful in case of planning developed learning plan. Play and learning activities in any school run according to a curriculum. A curriculum must be planned in ways that promote learning. Integrated approaches can be effective one to plan learning opportunities. Parents and professional involvements give different dimension to plan of play and learning. Their evaluation and opinion helps to develop a more productive and effective learning plan. For that , assessments of children need to be valid and objective and practitioners have to works perfectly for education of children needed to be effective in all sector of nation.